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Bend tubing:
Tube bending is the umbrella term for metal forming processes used to permanently form pipes or tubing. One must differentiate between form-bound and free form-bending procedures, as well as between heat supported and cold forming procedures.
Processes:
Press bending:
Press bending is probably the first bending process used on cold pipes and tubing
Rotary draw bending:
Full tooling for rotary draw bending
Rotary draw bending (RDB) is a precise technology, since it bends using tooling or “die sets” which have a constant center line radius (CLR), alternatively indicated as mean bending radius (Rm).
Roll bending
During the roll bending process the pipe, extrusion, or solid is passed through a series of rollers (typically three) that apply pressure to the pipe gradu
Bend tubing:
Tube bending is the umbrella term for metal forming processes used to permanently form pipes or tubing. One must differentiate between form-bound and free form-bending procedures, as well as between heat supported and cold forming procedures.
Processes:
Press bending:
Press bending is probably the first bending process used on cold pipes and tubing
Rotary draw bending:
Full tooling for rotary draw bending
Rotary draw bending (RDB) is a precise technology, since it bends using tooling or “die sets” which have a constant center line radius (CLR), alternatively indicated as mean bending radius (Rm).
Roll bending
During the roll bending process the pipe, extrusion, or solid is passed through a series of rollers (typically three) that apply pressure to the pipe gradu
For Wrought Product (WP) Dimension is covered in
ASME B16.9- which is standard for Factory-made Wrought Butt-welding Fittings for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 48” and
And B16.28- which is standard for Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 24”
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | OUTSIDE DIAMETER | BACK TO FACE | CENTER TO CENTER | ||
Inch. | OD | A | B | C | D |
1/2 | 21.3 | 48 | – | 76 | – |
3/4 | 26.7 | 43 | – | 57 | – |
1 | 33.4 | 56 | 41 | 76 | 51 |
1 1/4 | 42.2 | 70 | 52 | 95 | 64 |
1 1/2 | 48.3 | 83 | 62 | 114 | 76 |
2 | 60.3 | 106 | 81 | 152 | 102 |
2 1/2 | 73 | 132 | 100 | 191 | 127 |
3 | 88.9 | 159 | 121 | 229 | 152 |
3 1/2 | 101.6 | 184 | 140 | 267 | 178 |
4 | 114.3 | 210 | 159 | 305 | 203 |
5 | 141.3 | 262 | 197 | 381 | 254 |
6 | 168.3 | 313 | 237 | 457 | 305 |
8 | 219.1 | 414 | 313 | 610 | 406 |
10 | 273.1 | 518 | 391 | 762 | 508 |
12 | 323.9 | 619 | 467 | 914 | 610 |
14 | 355.6 | 711 | 533 | 1067 | 711 |
16 | 406.4 | 813 | 610 | 1219 | 813 |
18 | 457.2 | 914 | 686 | 1372 | 914 |
20 | 508 | 1016 | 762 | 1524 | 1016 |
22 | 559 | 1118 | 838 | 1676 | 1118 |
24 | 610 | 1219 | 914 | 1829 | 1219 |
Pipe Fittings Dimensions Tolerance as per ASME B16.9
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | ALL FITTINGS | ALL FITTINGS | ALL FITTINGS | ELBOWS AND TEES | 180 DEG RETURN BENDS | 180 DEG RETURN BENDS | 180 DEG RETURN BENDS | REDUCERS | CAPS |
NPS | O.D. at Bevel (1), (2) | I.D. at End (1), (3), (4) | Wall Thickness (3) | Centre-to-End Dimension A,B,C,M | Centre-to-Centre O | Back-to-Face K | Alignment of Ends U | Overall Length H | Overall Length E |
½ to 2½ | 0.06 -0.03 | 0.03 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
3 to 3 ½ | 0.06 | 0.06 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
4 | 0.06 | 0.06 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
5 to 8 | 0.09 -0.06 | 0.06 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.25 |
10 to 18 | 0.16 -0.12 | 0.12 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
20 to 24 | 0.25 -0.19 | 0.19 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
26 to 30 | 0.25 -0.19 | 0.19 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.12 | … | … | … | 0.19 | 0.38 |
32 to 48 | 0.25 -0.19 | 0.19 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.19 | … | … | … | 0.19 | 0.38 |
For Wrought Product (WP) Dimension is covered in
ASME B16.9- which is standard for Factory-made Wrought Butt-welding Fittings for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 48” and
And B16.28- which is standard for Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns for size NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 24”
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | OUTSIDE DIAMETER | BACK TO FACE | CENTER TO CENTER | ||
Inch. | OD | A | B | C | D |
1/2 | 21.3 | 48 | – | 76 | – |
3/4 | 26.7 | 43 | – | 57 | – |
1 | 33.4 | 56 | 41 | 76 | 51 |
1 1/4 | 42.2 | 70 | 52 | 95 | 64 |
1 1/2 | 48.3 | 83 | 62 | 114 | 76 |
2 | 60.3 | 106 | 81 | 152 | 102 |
2 1/2 | 73 | 132 | 100 | 191 | 127 |
3 | 88.9 | 159 | 121 | 229 | 152 |
3 1/2 | 101.6 | 184 | 140 | 267 | 178 |
4 | 114.3 | 210 | 159 | 305 | 203 |
5 | 141.3 | 262 | 197 | 381 | 254 |
6 | 168.3 | 313 | 237 | 457 | 305 |
8 | 219.1 | 414 | 313 | 610 | 406 |
10 | 273.1 | 518 | 391 | 762 | 508 |
12 | 323.9 | 619 | 467 | 914 | 610 |
14 | 355.6 | 711 | 533 | 1067 | 711 |
16 | 406.4 | 813 | 610 | 1219 | 813 |
18 | 457.2 | 914 | 686 | 1372 | 914 |
20 | 508 | 1016 | 762 | 1524 | 1016 |
22 | 559 | 1118 | 838 | 1676 | 1118 |
24 | 610 | 1219 | 914 | 1829 | 1219 |
Pipe Fittings Dimensions Tolerance as per ASME B16.9
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | ALL FITTINGS | ALL FITTINGS | ALL FITTINGS | ELBOWS AND TEES | 180 DEG RETURN BENDS | 180 DEG RETURN BENDS | 180 DEG RETURN BENDS | REDUCERS | CAPS |
NPS | O.D. at Bevel (1), (2) | I.D. at End (1), (3), (4) | Wall Thickness (3) | Centre-to-End Dimension A,B,C,M | Centre-to-Centre O | Back-to-Face K | Alignment of Ends U | Overall Length H | Overall Length E |
½ to 2½ | 0.06 -0.03 | 0.03 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
3 to 3 ½ | 0.06 | 0.06 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
4 | 0.06 | 0.06 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
5 to 8 | 0.09 -0.06 | 0.06 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.25 |
10 to 18 | 0.16 -0.12 | 0.12 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
20 to 24 | 0.25 -0.19 | 0.19 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
26 to 30 | 0.25 -0.19 | 0.19 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.12 | … | … | … | 0.19 | 0.38 |
32 to 48 | 0.25 -0.19 | 0.19 | Not less than 87.5% of nominal thickness | 0.19 | … | … | … | 0.19 | 0.38 |
Nickel Alloy
ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 ( NICKEL 200 ), UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ), UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ), UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3, UNS 8825 INCONEL (825), UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ), UNS 6601 ( INCONEL 601 ), UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS 10276 ( HASTELLOY C 276 )
Stainless Steel
ASTM / ASME SA 403 GR WP “S” / “W” / ” WX” 304 , 304L, 304H, 304N, 304LN, 309, 310H, 316, 316H, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347 H.
Duplex Steel
ASTM / ASME SA 815 UNS NO.S 31803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32750, S 32760.
Carbon Steel
ASTM / ASME A 234 WPB, WPC ASTM / ASME A 860 WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 & WPHY 70.
Alloy Steel
ASTM / ASME A 234 WP 1, WP 5, WP 9, WP 11, WP 12, WP 22, WP 23, WP 91.
Chemical Composition Content | Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
Material NO | C | Mn | Si | S | P | Cr | Mo | Ni | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation |
A234 WPB | ≤0.3 | 0.29-1.06 | ≥0.1 | ≤0.058 | ≤0.05 | / | / | / | 415-585 | ≥240 | ≥30 |
A234 WP5 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.6 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | 4-6 | 0.44-0.65 | / | 415-585 | ≥205 | ≥20 |
A403 WP304 | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 18-20 | / | 8-11 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 |
A403 WP316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16-18 | 2-3 | 10-15 | ≥485 | ≥170 | ≥30 |
WPHY60 | ≤0.20 | 1-1.45 | 0.15-0.4 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.030 | / | / | / | ≥515 | ≥415 | / |
Nickel Alloy
ASTM / ASME SB 336 UNS 2200 ( NICKEL 200 ), UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ), UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ), UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3, UNS 8825 INCONEL (825), UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ), UNS 6601 ( INCONEL 601 ), UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS 10276 ( HASTELLOY C 276 )
Stainless Steel
ASTM / ASME SA 403 GR WP “S” / “W” / ” WX” 304 , 304L, 304H, 304N, 304LN, 309, 310H, 316, 316H, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347 H.
Duplex Steel
ASTM / ASME SA 815 UNS NO.S 31803, S 32205, S 32550, S 32750, S 32760.
Carbon Steel
ASTM / ASME A 234 WPB, WPC ASTM / ASME A 860 WPHY 42, WPHY 46, WPHY 52, WPH 60, WPHY 65 & WPHY 70.
Alloy Steel
ASTM / ASME A 234 WP 1, WP 5, WP 9, WP 11, WP 12, WP 22, WP 23, WP 91.
Chemical Composition Content | Mechanical Properties | ||||||||||
Material NO | C | Mn | Si | S | P | Cr | Mo | Ni | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation |
A234 WPB | ≤0.3 | 0.29-1.06 | ≥0.1 | ≤0.058 | ≤0.05 | / | / | / | 415-585 | ≥240 | ≥30 |
A234 WP5 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.6 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | 4-6 | 0.44-0.65 | / | 415-585 | ≥205 | ≥20 |
A403 WP304 | ≤0.08 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 18-20 | / | 8-11 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 |
A403 WP316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2 | ≤1 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16-18 | 2-3 | 10-15 | ≥485 | ≥170 | ≥30 |
WPHY60 | ≤0.20 | 1-1.45 | 0.15-0.4 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.030 | / | / | / | ≥515 | ≥415 | / |
Light Oiling, Black Painting, PE /3PE Anti-corrosion Coating
Light Oiling, Black Painting, PE /3PE Anti-corrosion Coating